Surge in Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Cases: What You Need to Know
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that typically causes mild, cold-like symptoms but can lead to severe respiratory illnesses in vulnerable groups such as young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Common symptoms include cough, fever, nasal congestion, and sore throat. The virus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets produced when coughing or sneezing.
Recent Surge in Cases
China has recently experienced a surge in HMPV cases, particularly among children under 14. According to the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, HMPV accounted for 6.2% of positive respiratory illness tests and 5.4% of hospitalisations in late December 2024. These figures surpassed those for COVID-19, rhinovirus, and adenovirus during the same period. In some regions, hospitals have been overwhelmed, raising public concerns about the virus’s potential impact (The Guardian, SBS).
Despite the rise in cases, experts emphasise that HMPV is not a new virus. First identified in 2001, it has been circulating globally for decades. Unlike COVID-19, HMPV is well-documented, and a significant portion of the population has some immunity from prior exposures (Business Insider). However, symptoms can be more severe in young children and the elderly, who may not have developed sufficient immunity.
Australia's Perspective
In Australia, health authorities and the government are closely monitoring the situation in China while reviewing local case data for any significant changes in HMPV trends. Currently, there is no notable surge in cases locally. However, health experts are advising Australians to remain vigilant, particularly during the winter months when respiratory illnesses are more common.
To reduce the spread of respiratory viruses, including HMPV, Australians are encouraged to adopt the following practices:
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
- Use hand sanitisers when soap is unavailable.
- Cover the nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing.
- Wear masks in crowded or enclosed spaces, especially during outbreaks.
- Stay home when feeling unwell to avoid spreading infections (The Guardian).
Healthcare Response
Australian healthcare providers are well-equipped to manage respiratory virus cases with supportive care, such as oxygen therapy in severe instances. However, there are currently no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines available for HMPV. Globally, research into vaccine development is ongoing, with some candidates in early clinical trials (SBS).
Proactive Measures and Public Awareness
Maintaining public health awareness, practising good hygiene, and staying informed are critical in managing the impact of HMPV. Individuals experiencing prolonged or severe respiratory symptoms are encouraged to seek medical attention promptly.
For high-risk groups, including young children, the elderly, and individuals with underlying health conditions, Australian health authorities recommend:
- Regular health check-ups during peak respiratory illness seasons.
- Staying up to date with all recommended vaccinations.
While the recent rise in HMPV cases in China is concerning, the virus does not currently pose the same global threat as COVID-19. With existing knowledge of HMPV and proactive public health measures, its impact can be managed effectively. Australians are urged to follow health guidelines, prioritise good hygiene, and remain informed to help reduce the spread of HMPV and other respiratory illnesses.
References:
The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/jan/06/what-is-human-metapneumovirus-cases-surging-in-china-hmpv
SBS: https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/what-to-know-about-the-hmpv-outbreak-in-china/p3jqvyayk
Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/why-human-metapneumovirus-hmpv-not-new-covid-lockdown-pandemic-2025-1
