August 12, 2024

Health Triple Threat: RSV, Flu A/B, and COVID-19

As we move through another challenging flu season in Australia, the statistics present us a sobering reality. According to the Australian Government Department of Health's National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System, over 240,000 Covid-19 cases have been reported this year alone, alongside more than 139,000 cases of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and a staggering 282,000 cases of Flu A/B. 


These figures highlight a significant public health concern. As we know, the symptoms presented by the "Triple Threat" or RSV, Flu A/B, and Covid-19 are similar. Without proper testing, it becomes difficult to distinguish one from another.

What are the common symptoms of the Triple Threat?

RSV, Flu A/B, and Covid-19 can present with a range of overlapping symptoms, often leading to confusion and concern. Here’s a breakdown of the common symptoms of these 3 viruses:

  • Fever: A prevalent symptom in all three infections, fever often indicates the body’s defense against viral invasion. Although it's a common indication, its duration and intensity can vary.
  • Cough: Another shared symptom, cough can be persistent and debilitating. It can be dry (non-productive) or productive, producing mucus.
  • Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing can be a serious symptom, especially in severe cases of RSV and Covid-19 but less frequently when dealing with Influenza.
  • Fatigue: All three viruses can cause significant fatigue, affecting daily activities and overall energy levels.
  • Sore Throat: A sore throat is common in Flu and Covid-19, and occasionally seen in RSV.
  • Runny or Stuffy Nose: More frequently associated with RSV and Flu, but can also occur in Covid-19 cases.
  • Muscle or Body Aches: Common in Flu and Covid-19, body aches can make patients feel extremely uncomfortable.
  • Headache: Often reported in Flu and Covid-19, headaches can range from mild to severe.

What are the unique characteristics and differences of these respiratory illnesses?

While these symptoms often overlap, there are nuances and additional symptoms that can help differentiate between these viruses:

RSV:

  • Common in Children: RSV is particularly prevalent in infants and young children, causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia.
  • Wheezing: This high-pitched sound during breathing is more commonly associated with RSV.

Influenza (Flu A/B):

  • Sudden Onset: Flu symptoms tend to come on very quickly, within a few hours.
  • Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Occasionally, especially in children, the Flu can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

For a more detailed dive on Influenza, check out our blog.

COVID-19:

  • Loss of Taste or Smell: One of the hallmark symptoms, particularly in the early stages.
  • Longer Incubation Period: Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure.
  • Chest Pain and Confusion: Severe cases can involve chest pain and confusion, necessitating immediate medical attention.

How important is appropriate testing?

It is practically hard to diagnose these infections correctly based solely on symptoms and because of the similarities of these symptoms. Hence, why it is essential to do appropriate diagnostic testing.

  • PCR: This laboratory test technique can accurately identify the presence of RSV, influenza viruses, and SARS-CoV-2, which is known as Covid-19.
  • Comprehensive Panels: Some healthcare providers offer panels that simultaneously test for multiple respiratory pathogens, providing a more comprehensive diagnosis.
  • Home-Testing Kits: These kits can help individuals quickly test themselves if they are infected, allowing for timely isolation and for them to get a medical consultation if needed. Generally, pharmacies and grocery stores have home-testing kits, which are convenient for rapid preliminary diagnosis. The TouchBio Triple Test Kit, in particular, detects RSV, Flu A/B and Covid-19 in one single testing.

Summary

Source: National Foundation for Infectious Diseases

What are the preventive measures for these illnesses?

Preventing the spread of these viruses especially during this Flu season involves several similar strategies. These strategies aim to reduce the transmission and protect vulnerable populations. 

While not limited to, here are the key preventive measures one can take:

  • Vaccination: Vaccinations against Covid-19 and the annual Flu are useful preventative measures against these illnesses. Also, to protect unborn children, RSV vaccinations are now offered for older adults and expectant mothers.
  • Hand hygiene: Using hand sanitisers or routinely washing your hands with soap and water can help prevent the spread of disease.
  • Mask-wearing: Wearing a mask can stop the spread of respiratory droplets, especially in crowded areas or during peak transmission seasons.
  • Isolation and quarantine: If you are experiencing symptoms, you should stay at home and limit your contact with other people to stop the virus from spreading.

It is imperative to understand the commonalities and distinctions of RSV, Flu A/B, and Covid-19 symptoms in order to effectively manage and prevent sickness, particularly during flu seasons in Australia. Even though the symptoms are similar, identifying the tiny differences and getting the right testing can lead to better health outcomes. 

The Department of Health and Aged Care has published an updated advice on how to manage symptoms and protect those around you if you test positive, including information on what to do if you test positive for COVID-19 and what to do if you feel unwell or need COVID-19 advice for someone in your care. Please see: Testing positive for COVID-19 | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.

Stay informed, stay vigilant, and prioritise your health by taking preventive measures and consulting healthcare professionals when symptoms arise.

By staying educated about these respiratory illnesses, we can contribute to healthier communities and a more informed public.  Together, let's be informed and ready to tackle this health season.


© TouchBio Australia

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read in this article.

 

Sources: 


  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Prevention Strategies for Seasonal Influenza”. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/infectioncontrol/healthcaresettings.htm
  • Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care, National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Retrieved from: https://nindss.health.gov.au/pbi-dashboard/



Written by Touch Biotechnology

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